Breech mechanism for self-loading firearms.



. L. SGHMEIS'SER. 'mman mcmmsn mn SELF LOADING mums,

` Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

v APPLIO'ATION FILED PEB. 12, 1907. 909,233.

INVENTD R um RN evs my invention Fi ure 1 is a vertical section of ythe breech in @closure plate F, which latter is connected lwith the casin A by a hinge and can be so turned about t ie-pin f that the arts B and D can be-inserted `in the casin UNITED. sTATEs PATENT f LoUIs'ScHMEIssER, oF ERFURT, GERMANYgAssIGoR To RnEiNIscnE MErALLWARE'N-'ND' V MAscmNENFaBRix, oF DUSSELDORF-Denunciar, GERMANY.

4Blumen imcgausm rolfv SELF-Lomme FmEAnMs.

for Self-Loading Firearms; and I do -hereby declare the folloWinO- to be a full, clear, and

exact description 'of5 the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it lz inpertains to makeand use the same.

y invention relates' to novel breech mechanism particularly designed for selfloading lfirearms for which a stronger backward force of the explosion. 20

to its increased strength, has the advantage charge of powder is used, for example, for automatic rifles aiidguns, as also for quick firing guns provided with recoil barrels, in which the lock is opened by thev impact or .This new breech mechanism,- in addition of vsimple construction, and can be quickly and conveniently taken apart and put to gethei again.

In the accompanying drawing illus ,tiatin,f

e locked position, as seen from the left, without the top plate and trigger mechanism. Fig. 2 is a similar section of the same part showing the breech sleeve moved back at the moment in which the llock is opened, the breech piston not having recoiled further. Fig. 3 shows a sec- Ation on the line A -B of Fig. 1 as seen from behind. l

In the casing A slides thebreech sleeve B, at thefront of which the barrel isA fitted.

` The sleeve B is thickened attlie back and breech bolt D which carries adaptedto carry the locking lever Cwhich turnsabout c. In the sleeve B slides they the extractor and the firing-pin 1-3.`

' The casing A is closed at-.the back and the recoil of the breechsleeveB .and -bolt Dv is'limited vby the buffer lF carriedl by the land taken out aain. In the closed position theplate F1 is eld by abolt or screw f1 which asses l transversely through the .plateFl an also Ythrough thesidewalls of Y the casing A, be-

`Specification of `Letters Patent. Application led February 12, 1907. Serial No. 356,987.

rIrfpresses against the bolt K, the tooth ween which the back part of theplate Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

At the top of the casing A there vis a cover-G, Vwhich is connected to the casing at the front by a liinge G1 and. can be turned up. On this cover G is provided the Aspring casing H, which, however, can also be made in one piece with said cover G. In the 'spring casing H is provided the sleeve J v whose foot t' engages in ytlie'part d of the breech bolt in such a manner that these-v parts describe their backward and forward -6 5 motion together. The part al of thefbreech bolt D, as shown in Fig. 3, is extended on one side and` serves as a liandle'in orden to venable the loadin movements'to becarried out orgthe breec to be opened for some "other purposefor example to unload or in taking the lire arm to pieces.

At the lback of the s ring casing 'H the I spring bolt K is provide which is connected by a bayonet joint at 1c to the cover G ofthe .75 i spring casing H, 'being thus held. Further, the return spring L is provided in said casing' H which spring presses at the front against the bottom ofthe sleeve J and at the back against-the spring bolt K. lThe partc of the spring bolt K has the form of a tooth and engages in a corresponding groove of the plateF (Figs. 1 and 2). Astlie springJ c forms a spring fastening for the back part of the cover G which fastening can be re'- leased by pressing against the head of theJ bolt K projecting at the backl of the casing The casing A as wellas the sleeve and the cover G including the spring casing H are slotted longitudinally in order to lenable the partsd of the breech bolt D and the part of the spring sleeve J Ito slide back.

The forward'motion of the breech sleeve 95 B .is limited -by its back end striking against F, is s'dtilted that its frontend is moved out -1 of the lockinposition', as soon as the breech sleeve B an arrel, as .well .-as the' breech 1 bolt D connected to s aid sleeve by they lock-` -in'g leverC, are moved outfof the' position 110 shown in Fig. 1 into that shown in Fig. 2, either by the recoil or by pulling the handle of the breech bolt D.

The distance between the inclined surface c1 of the locking lever C and the corresponding surface f2 of the plate F is so calculated that the parts B, D and C locked, together must first move back through the same distance that the horizontal surface c3 at the front end of the locking lever C remains in contact with the corresponding surface a of the casing A, before said parts are unlocked. If the handle of the breech bolt D is pulled further it will recede to such an extent that its back end will strike against the buffer F, while the breech sleeve B is retained by theplate F. The sleeve J connected with the breech bolt D is also moved backwards and the return spring L accordingly compressed. As soon as the breech bolt D is released, the return spring L drives it forward through the agency of the sleeve J, said breech bolt first arriving in the position shown in Fig. 2. The front fend of the locking lever C is then forced into the locking position (Fig. l), because the advancing power of the return spring L so influences the locking lever C through the sleeve B that its front inclined surface c2, rides up the inclined surface a2 of the casing A, and brings the front end of the locking lever C into the locking position when the breech bolt D is advanced to such an extent that the front end of the locking lever C can move behind the same. At the moment in which the locking lever C arrives in this position the locked parts B, D and C are moved together a short distance until they arrive at the final position shown in Fig. 1 and the surface c3 of the locking lever C sobears against the surface a of the casing A that 1t can only be released when the locked parts '13,. C and D have moved back a certain distance.

If, now, in firing, the barrel and breech sleeve B together with the locked parts re! coil, the release takes place in the manner above described. .The great force with which said parts are thrown back in firing causes the unlocked breech bolt D to" be thrown back against the tension `of the spring L bv kinetic force until it is stopped by 'the buffer F, the gas -pressure in the interror of the barrel assisting this operation, Whlch pressure, after the release has' been effected, drives the empty cartridge shell backwards, together with the breech bolt D. The return sprin L then drives,by means of the sleeve J, t e breech bolt D forward and all parts are locked in the manner above described. During this backward and forward motion of ,thebreech bolt D all other functions necessary in self-loading lire arms are carried out in known manner; for example, the empty cartridge shell is thrown out, the trigger is raised, and a new cartridge is introduced into the barrel. In one construction of the described breech mechanism for quick firing guns the casing A is disposed to slide backwards in the same manner as the barrel in guns with recoil movement. Further the necessary retarding devices and springs are provided by which the gun is kept rigidly in its ring position. It should be mentioned that the locking lever C can also be disposed at the top or side instead of at the bottom as shown in the drawing. Further two such locking levers can also be provided. A

1What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In breech mechanism for automatic fire arms, the combination, with the breech casing, the breech bolt therein and a locking lever arranved to be tilted into and out of the path ofj the recoiling breech bolt, of a buffer having an inclined face opposed to.

the rear end -of the locking lever to tilt the same, and a removable closure to the breech casing, said closure carrying the buffer.

2. In breech mechanism for automatic tire arms, the combination, with the breech casing, the breech bolt therein and a locking lever arran ed to be tilted into and out of the path o ,the recoiling breech bolt, of a butter having an inclined face opposed to the rear end of the locking lever to tilt the same, a closure hinged tothe breech casing and carrying the'buifer, and a pin passing laterally into the breech casing to secure the buffer and closure in operative closed position.

3. In breech mechanism for automatic lire arms, the combination, withV the breech casing open to the lower side, the breech bolt therein, and a locking lever arranged to be tilted into and out of the ath of the recoiL ing breech bolt, of a bu er havin an inclined face opposed to the rear en of the lookin hinge to the lower side of the breech casing and carrying the buffer, and a pin passing laterally into the buffer and thebreech casing to\secure the buffer and closure in opera# tiv'e closed position.

4. In breech mechanism for automatic fire arms, a breech casing provided with an openmg, a breech bolt slidable therein, a

lever to tilt the same, a closure.

return spring connected to the breech bolt, f

and a casing for said spring, the return spring casing arranged as a. removable cover to the breechl casing. y

5.. In breech mec anism for automatic fire arms, a breech casing open above, a breech bolt slidable therein, a return spring con- I ar'ms, a breech casing open to the up. er and y casin in position with the opening closed;

and a springclipfto secure the return spring- 6. n breech mechanism 'for automatic fire lower sides, a breech bolt thereina ocking y lever arranged to be tilted with one end into 'and out ofthe 'path of the recoilin breech bolt, -a bulerfv having an inclined ace' opv. `posed `to' the rear endfof. the .locking lever A 'side of thebreech casing and carryingthe to tilt the same, 4a closure hinged .to the lower buffer, apin' passing laterally into the buffer and Ythecasing'to secure the bufer info rafl casing close ing,`the breech sleeve and thev breech bolt A, I as an abutment for the returnv spring. 'an

tive relation `to the-lever with the owery closure -inplace,afreturn spring connected tothe breech bolt, v'a casing for said spring, a hinge connected-'between' the 'return spring casingl and the breech casing, a bolt serving provided 'with a tooth engaging a recess in the breech' c'asirig'rto. secure the return spring in` 'position v'with the upper coverj 7. In breech'mechanism for automatic re armsthe combination, with the breech castherein, and a lockinglever-pivoted to the breech sleeve and arranged to be tilted; with its forward end vinto and out of the path of the breech bolt,the front and `rear end ofV theleverbeveled, andthe front and rear; walls o f the breech chamber. inclined parallel f 'to' the respective beveled ends of the lever,

'whereby the limited longitudinal movement of thelever with- 'the'lbre'ech sleeve causesl the tilting of the leverv to lock and unlock I the breech bolt.

. breech sleeve and arran ed to be tilted with f n 8. In breech mechanism forautomatic fire arms, the combination, with the breech casing, the breech sleeve and the breech bolt therein, and a locking levervpivoted -to the .its forward end into an out of the-path of.-

the-breech bolt, the front and rear end of the lever beveled, and. the front and rear the said up er wall closed, the lower'and reariwalls o the breech chamber hinged to' jpermitftheirswinging downward to relation to the locking lever.

arms, thecombinatiolnwith thebreech caswalls of v the breech chamber inclined parallel '.to the respective beveled ends of the lever,

e limited longitudinal movement whereby t 0f the'lever with the breech sleeve causes the t'i'ltin of the lever to lock and unlock Ithe breec bolt, in combination with a return spring connected with the breech Vbolt, a casing for said s ring carried by the upper wall of the breec chamber, said upper wall y hinged to -permit its opening, a clipto hold the pathV o' `the Vrecoilin'g breech bolt', of'a built'er. removably mounted 'in the casing withA its face o'pposedrat an inclination to the A,rear end of t e lever to tilt the same.

breech sleeve and arran ed to be t ted with.v its forward end into an out of the path of the breech bolt', and the .front and rear walls .of theIv breechchamber inclined relativetoz` the respective ends of the lever, whereby ,i the 'limited longitudinal movement ofl the lever with thebreech sleeve causes the tilting o fy the lever to lock and unlock the. breech bolt. l f' In testimony whereof I have hereunto y signaturein the presence of two 85.

1 IJUlS' SGHMEISSER.

aiixed my witnesses.

Witnesses:y WOLDEMAR HAUPT, p HENRY HAsrER. 1

. 1n operative 6'5' 4 lever -arran' ed to be tilted mto and outof i v 10, In breech mechanism for 'automatic fire' arms, the combination, with the breech casing, the breech sleeve and the breech bolt" therein, and a' locking lever movin with the 

